(SAAB) 35 Draken @·AIRCRAFTUBE

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Saab 35 Draken

The Saab 35 Draken ("Draken" is Swedish for "The kite", but can also mean "The Dragon") or Saab 35 is a Swedish fighter aircraft manufactured by Saab between 1955 and 1974. The Draken was built to replace the Saab J 29 Tunnan and, later, the fighter variant (J 32B) of the Saab Lansen. The indigenous J 35 was an effective supersonic Cold War fighter that was also successful as an export product. Although out of service today, the Draken was influential as the first in a line of highly-sophisticated Saab fighters.

Design and development

As the jet era started, Sweden forsaw the need for a jet fighter that could intercept bombers at high altitude and also take on fighters. Although other interceptors such as the US Air Force's F-104 Starfighter were being conceived during the same period, the Saab "Draken" would have to undertake a combat role unique to Sweden. Other demanding requirements were the capability to able to operate from public roads, used as temporary airfields and for refueling & rearming to be carried out in no more than ten minutes, even by conscripts with minimum training. In September 1949, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration issued a request for a fighter/interceptor aircraft, and work began at Saab the same year. Erik Bratt's design incorporated a distinctive "double-delta" configuration, with one delta wing within another larger delta. The inner wing has an 80° angle for high speed performance, while the outer 60° wing gives good performance at low speeds. Propulsion was provided by a single Svenska Flygmotor RM6B/C turbojet (Rolls-Royce Avon 200/300). A ram turbine, under the nose, provided emergency power and the engine had a built-in emergency starter unit. The Draken could deploy a drag chute to reduce its landing distance.

The double-delta shape was so revolutionary that it warranted the only sub-scale test aircraft built in Sweden : the Saab 210, unofficially nicknamed "Lilldraken." The Saab 210 tested the concept of the double delta, first flying on 21 January 1952. The 210's successful testing results led to an order for three full-size Draken prototypes. The first prototype, not fitted with an afterburner, made its maiden flight on 25 October 1955. The second prototype, equipped with an afterburner, on its first flight, unintentionally broke the sound barrier while climbing.

Although not designed to be a dogfighter, the J 35 Draken proved to have good instantaneous turn capability and was a very capable fighter. It entered service in 1960 with the Swedish Air Force; 644 Saab Drakens were built for Sweden as well as other European nations. Sweden's Draken fleet came in six different variants while two Draken models were offered for export. The early models were intended purely for air-defense, but the J 35D introduced a ground attack capability. The last model built was the J 35F, the final variant to remain in Swedish service. These aircraft have now been retired and replaced by the Saab JAS 39 Gripen.

The J 35 Draken design underwent several upgrades. The last was the J 35J version, in the late 1980s, although by then, the Draken had been almost totally replaced by Saab Viggen in Swedish service. The J 35J was a service life extension program since the delivery of the new Saab JAS 39 Gripen was still in the development stage and suffering from delivery delays. The extension program was to keep the Draken flying into the 2000s, but due to cutbacks and high maintenance costs the Draken was eventually phased out. The Swedish Drakens were officially retired in December 1998, although the type remains in limited numbers in both military and civilian versions. Export customers included Denmark and Finland. In 1985, the Austrian Air Force purchased 24 Saab-Scania reconditioned Drakens.

All Drakens are interceptors with limited air-to-ground capability, with the sole exception of the Danish Drakens, which are strike aircraft capable of carrying AGM-12 Bullpup missiles, advanced "jammers," and increased internal and external fuel stores. The Danish Drakens are so far the heaviest of the series to have been in service. Danish F-35 aircraft were retired in 1993.

Finland updated its J 35X fleet with new avionics, cockpit displays, navigational/attack systems and electronic countermeasures during the 1990s but finally retired the Draken in 2000.

Austria was the last country to operate the Draken in military service, and these were retired in 2005, when they were replaced by Swiss Tiger IIs.

In the United States, the National Test Pilot School (NTPS) at the Mojave Spaceport owned six Drakens that were formerly in Danish service.

  • Saab 210 Draken (also known as Lilldraken; "little kite") - A scaled-down, "proof-of-concept" experimental aircraft to evaluate the double-delta wing configuration, not specifically a Draken variant but included here for sequence purposes.
  • J 35A - Fighter version, total production: 90. The J 35As were delivered between 1959-1961. The tail section was lengthened after the 66th aircraft to house a new afterburner. This forced the installment of a retractable tail wheel. The modification added extra thrust when the afterburner was used. The two versions were nicknamed Adam kort (Adam short) and Adam lång (Adam long).
  • J 35B - Fighter version, built and delivered between 1962-1963, total production: 73. This variant had a better radar, better gun sights and was also fully integrated into the Swedish STRIL 60 system, a combat guidance and air surveillance system. A number of J 35As were rebuilt into J 35B standard.
  • SK 35C - 25 J 35As with short tail sections rebuilt into a twin-seated trainer version. The minor modification meant that the aircraft could easily be converted back to a J 35A standard if necessary. The trainer version lacked armament.
  • J 35D - Fighter version, delivered between 1963-1964, total production: 120. The aircraft had a new and more powerful Rolls-Royce Avon 300 (RM 6C), which could deliver 77,3 kN thrust when using its afterburner. This was also the fastest Draken version, the fuel ran out before it stopped accelerating.
  • S 35E - Reconnaissance version, total production: 60. The radar and the armament had been removed and several cameras (of ortho and oblique types). A total of 28 aircraft were re-built J 35Ds.
  • J 35F - Fighter version, delivered between 1965 and 1972, total production: 230. This variant had improved electronics and avionics, e.g. integrated radar, aim and robot systems. The aircraft variant could be armed with more types of weapons and more efficient weapons, but one of the cannons was removed to give space for electronics. The J 35F2 was a modified J 35F, equipped with an infra red sensor, a so-called IR seeker.
  • J 35J - Between 1987 and 1991, 77 J 35Fs were given a longer lifespan through the upgrading of the aircraft to J 35J standard. This version had more modern electronics, a modernized cannon, more fix-points for missiles and more fuel capacity. The final operative J 35J flew for the last time in 1999. This aircraft was originally designated J 35F Mod or J 35F-Ny .
  • SAAB 35H - Purposed export version for the Swiss Air Force; never sold or delivered to Switzerland.
  • SAAB 35XD - Danish export versions: F-35 single-seat fighter, TF-35 two-seat trainer and RF-35 reconnaissance aircraft.
  • SAAB 35XS - Fighter version for the Finnish Air Force; built by Saab and assembled under licence by Valmet in Finland.
  • SAAB 35BS - Used J 35Bs sold to Finland.
  • SAAB 35DS - Used J 35Ds sold to Finland.
  • SAAB 35CS - Used SK 35Cs sold to Finland.
  • SAAB 35Ö - In the mid 1980s, SAAB purchased back 24 J 35D aircraft from the Swedish Air Force and converted them into the J 35Ö version (also called J 35OE in English literature). These were later exported to Austria.

Operators

Austrian Air Force, Royal Danish Air Force, Finnish Air Force, Swedish Air Force.

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Saab 35 Draken of Wikipedia ( authors )

Saab J35 Draken

  • Role : Fighter aircraft.
  • National origin : Sweden.
  • Manufacturer : Saab.
  • Designer : Erik Bratt.
  • First flight : 25 October 1955.
  • Introduction : 8 March 1960.
  • Retired : 2005 (Austria).
  • Primary users :
    • Swedish Air Force.
    • Austrian Air Force.
    • Finnish Air Force.
    • Royal Danish Air Force.
  • Produced : 1955–1974.
  • Number built : 651.
  • Variants : Saab 210.

    • Specifications (J 35F)

  • Length : 15.34 m (or 50 ft 4 in).
  • Height : 3.89 m (or 12 ft 9 in).
  • Wingspan : 9.42 m (or 30 ft 10 in).
  • Wing area : 49.22 m² (or 529.82 ft²).
  • Wing loading : 231.6 kg/m² (or 47.4 lb/ft²).
  • Empty weight : 7,865 kg (or 17,340 lbs).
  • Loaded weight : 11,400 kg (or 25,132 lbs).
  • Max takeoff weight : 16,000 kg (or 35,273 lbs).
  • Maximum speed : Mach 2 plus, 2,120 km/h (or 1,317 mph) at 11,000 m (or 36,100 ft).
  • Range : 3,250 km (or 2,020 mi) with external drop tanks.
  • Service ceiling : 20,000 m (or 65,600 ft).
  • Rate of climb : 175 m/s (or 34,450 ft/min).
  • Thrust to weight ratio : 0.7.
  • Takeoff roll : 650 m (2,133 ft).
  • Powerplant : 1 Volvo Flygmotor RM6C afterburning turbojet.
  • Dry thrust : 56.5 kN (or 12,787 lbf).
  • Thrust with afterburner : 78.4 kN (or 17,637 lbf).
  • Armament : One 30 mm M-55 ADEN cannon with 100 rounds (2x 30 mm M-55 ADEN cannon with 90 rounds each in earlier models). Four hardpoints for either fuel tanks or air-to-air missiles. Rb 24, Rb 27 and Rb 28 air-to-air missiles. 75 mm rocket pods. 135mm rockets. 55, 220, 500, and 1,000 pound bombs. Maximum ordnance : 2,900 kg (6,393 lb).

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Saab 35 Draken of Wikipedia ( authors )
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