(Boeing) 314 "Clipper" @·AIRCRAFTUBE

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Boeing 314 "Clipper"

Named "Clipper" in reference to the big transoceanic ships, the Boeing 314 was the answer of engineer Wellwood E. Beall to a 1935 specification issued by Pan American on a transport plane capable of crossing the Atlantic in good conditions of security and comfort. The first 6 machines were ordered by Pan Am in July 1936.

After the first flight of June 7, 1938, a total of 12 machines were constructed in a period of three years. The transatlantic inaugural flight that took place on May 20, 1939 was a postal flight between Port Washington and Marseilles, via the Azores and Lisbon. The first passenger crossing was done by the "Dixie Clipper" on June 28, 1939. It was at that time the biggest transport plane in the world. The "Yankee Clipper" flew between New York and Southampton for the first time on July 8, 1939.

Different names, such as "American Clipper", "Anzac Clipper", "Atlantic Clipper", "California Clipper", "Pacific Clipper", "Cape town Clipper" and "Honolulu Clipper" were given by the company. Unfortunately for Pan Am, the transatlantic flights were interrupted after only three months of operation, at the break of WW2 in September 1939.

The Boeing 314 was then affected to military hardware and personnel transportation and it is with a 314 that president Roosevelt went to Morocco in 1943 where he met Winston Churchill at the Casablanca conference. The English prime minister also used the 314 time and again during the war for his intercontinental flights.

The "Clipper" had reached an unpreceded level of comfort. Five passenger compartments offered a maximum of 74 seats or 40 beds in the night flight configuration. Separated toilets for women and men were foreseen, as well as galleys and a lounge / dining room compartment.

Derived from the XB-15 bomber of which it borrowed the wings, the Clipper benefited the supplement of power delivered by the four 1,500 hp Wright Cyclone engines. Sponsons assuring the stability on water were also used as fuel tanks whose total capacity reached 16,000 litres. The characteristic triple fin was adopted following longitudinal stability problems that prototypes equipped with a simple or double fin had experienced.

Encouraged by the success of the first six machines, Pan Am passed an order for six 314A models whose first exemplar flew on March 20, 1941. Only three of the six planes were delivered to Pan Am, the others being used by the English company BOAC that gave them back in 1948. On the total of 12 machines constructed by Boeing, five " Clipper " were also used by the USAAF and the US NAVY.

The plane was also used on the Pacific lines, in Asia and in East Africa. Pan Am exploited her "Clipper" until 1946, but some of these machines flew again until 1951 for charter companies.

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Specifications : (Boeing 314A)

  • Crew: 6.
  • Passengers: 74.
  • Wing span: 152 ft (46.33 m).
  • Length: 106 ft (32.31 m).
  • Height: 27 ft 7 in (8.41 m).
  • Wing area: 2,867 sq ft (266.34 m²).
  • Max take-off weight: 82,500 lb (or 37,421 kg).
  • Dry Operating weight: 50,268 lb (or 22,801 kg).
  • Fuel capacity: 4,200 gal (or 15,900 l).
  • Max payload: 33,951 lb (or 15,400 kg).
  • Cruising Speed: 183 mph (or 159 kts - 295 km/h).
  • Max Speed: 200 mph (or 174 kts - 322 km/h).
  • Service ceiling: 19,783 ft (6,030 m).
  • Max range: 3,500 mi (or 3,041 nm or 5,633 km).
  • Engines: Four Wright GR-2600 Twin Cyclone.
  • Power: 1,600 hp (1,194 kW) per engine.
  • Oil capacity: 300 gal (or 1,136 l).
  • Propellers: Constant speed Hamilton standard.

Aircraft operated by Pan Am

Registration Type Name In service Remarks
NC18601 314 Honolulu Clipper 1939–1945 Successfully landed 650 miles east of Oahu after losing power in two engines while flying for the US Navy on 3 November 1945. Aircraft mechanics from the escort carrier Manila Bay were unable to repair the engines at sea. The seaplane tender San Pablo attempted tow into port; but the flying boat was damaged in a collision with the tender and intentionally sunk on 14 November by perforating the hull with 20mm Oerlikon gunfire after salvage was deemed impractical.
NC18602 314 California Clipper 1939–1950 Sold to World Airways after the War and was scrapped in 1950.
NC18603 314 Yankee Clipper 1939–1943 Started Transatlantic mail service. Crashed on February 22 when a wing hit the water during a turn on landing at Lisbon Portugal. A total of 24 of 39 on board were killed.
NC18604 314 Atlantic Clipper 1939–1946 Purchased by the US Navy in 1942, but operated by Pan Am; salvaged for parts.
NC18605 314 Dixie Clipper 1939–1950 Started transatlantic passenger service, later sold to World Airways. First Presidential flight for the Casablanca Conference. Scrapped 1950.
NC18606 314 American Clipper 1939–1946 Later sold to World Airways. Scrapped 1950.
NC18609 314A Pacific Clipper 1941–1946 Temporarily named California Clipper to replace 18602 that was being moved to Atlantic service, renamed Pacific Clipper in 1942. Later sold to Universal Airlines. Damaged by storm and salvaged for parts.
NC18611 314A Anzac Clipper 1941–1951 Sold to Universal Airlines 1946, American International Airways 1947, World Airways 1948. Sold privately 1951, destroyed at Baltimore, Maryland 1951.
NC18612 314A Cape Town Clipper 1941–1946 Sold to: US Navy - 1942, Sold to: American International Airways - 1947. As the Bermuda Sky Queen she ditched at sea on October 14, 1947. After the rescue of all passengers and crew she was sunk by the United States Coast Guard as a hazard to navigation.

Aircraft operated by BOAC

Registration Type Name In service Remarks
G-AGBZ 314A (#2081) Bristol 1941–1948 Originally NC18607, sold to General Phoenix Corporation, Baltimore as NC18607 in 1948
G-AGCA 314A (#2082) Berwick 1941–1948 Originally NC18608, sold to General Phoenix Corporation, Baltimore as NC18608 in 1948
G-AGCB 314A (#2084) Bangor 1941–1948 Originally NC18610, sold to General Phoenix Corporation, Baltimore as NC18610 in 1948

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Boeing 314 of Wikipedia ( authors )
Boeing 314 "Clipper" : Your comments on this subject
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